Augustine Joy in Treasuring Jesus
Series: HEROES OF THE FAITH
Speaker: James Barnett
Date: 11th January 2020
Passage: Psalm 27:1-14
00:00:00 --> 00:00:04 have we been so angry and frustrated at our sin?
00:00:05 --> 00:00:09 So we often think that our struggle against sin is unique,
00:00:10 --> 00:00:12 but we take a closer look at history,
00:00:14 --> 00:00:18 we find that we are not only studying historical facts
00:00:18 --> 00:00:21 or theological ideas in the past,
00:00:22 --> 00:00:26 but rather many go through similar experiences as our own.
00:00:27 --> 00:00:29 So let's look at a man, Augustine of Hippo.
00:00:30 --> 00:00:32 It's a town, it's a place for an animal, obviously.
00:00:33 --> 00:00:36 Of his struggle with sin and what God did in his life.
00:00:37 --> 00:00:40 So go through his history, go through the Bible,
00:00:41 --> 00:00:44 and see the change and call us to do the same thing.
00:00:45 --> 00:00:49 We will learn how when we treasure Jesus more than pleasure,
00:00:50 --> 00:00:51 he brings us more joy.
00:00:53 --> 00:00:57 So just to make Augustine's story a little bit easier to understand,
00:00:57 --> 00:00:58 going through at point one,
00:00:58 --> 00:01:02 I want to tell you his life story with an Australian twist.
00:01:04 --> 00:01:06 So Augustine was born about 1700 years ago
00:01:06 --> 00:01:11 in a small town of Zagast known as Algeria.
00:01:13 --> 00:01:17 So it's a little bit like being born in a little Aussie country town.
00:01:17 --> 00:01:22 Augustine was a son of a pagan father called Patricius
00:01:22 --> 00:01:25 and a Christian mother by the name of Onika.
00:01:27 --> 00:01:28 Patricius was a civil servant,
00:01:29 --> 00:01:32 so he was respectable and had a well-paid job.
00:01:32 --> 00:01:37 So, Monica's family thought it was a great idea
00:01:37 --> 00:01:40 to marry someone with connection to the government
00:01:40 --> 00:01:43 and knew that their daughter would be well provided for.
00:01:44 --> 00:01:48 So it's a bit like what happens with the arranged marriages these days
00:01:48 --> 00:01:49 in many parts of the world.
00:01:50 --> 00:01:52 So Augustine, being Patricius' son,
00:01:53 --> 00:01:56 is expected to land a good plum job, government job.
00:01:56 --> 00:02:01 So he couldn't get a good education in that little town.
00:02:02 --> 00:02:04 So when he was 11 years old,
00:02:05 --> 00:02:07 he was sent to boarding school at Madura,
00:02:08 --> 00:02:10 a larger town about 20 miles south.
00:02:12 --> 00:02:14 So just like many people growing in the country,
00:02:15 --> 00:02:17 he was sent to a boarding school to get a better education.
00:02:17 --> 00:02:21 So afterwards, a rich guy supported him
00:02:21 --> 00:02:24 to further his education in Carthage.
00:02:25 --> 00:02:26 It's a bit like getting a scholarship
00:02:26 --> 00:02:28 and going to a big city like Sydney.
00:02:30 --> 00:02:32 So just like for those that move from a small city
00:02:32 --> 00:02:34 to the big smokes,
00:02:35 --> 00:02:37 and Augustine is getting to be of age.
00:02:38 --> 00:02:40 So although he heard the gospel
00:02:40 --> 00:02:42 through his mum, who is a Christian,
00:02:42 --> 00:02:45 and through many of his friends during his studies,
00:02:45 --> 00:02:48 he was attracted to the lifestyle of a big city,
00:02:49 --> 00:02:51 and has taken up a concubine,
00:02:51 --> 00:02:52 and had a child.
00:02:53 --> 00:02:55 So just like many people these days,
00:02:55 --> 00:02:57 he was in a de facto relationship,
00:02:57 --> 00:02:58 and had a kid out of wedlock.
00:03:00 --> 00:03:03 So let's take a look at Augustine's life so far.
00:03:05 --> 00:03:08 So like many people growing up in this area,
00:03:08 --> 00:03:10 he was expected to get a good job,
00:03:11 --> 00:03:11 to study hard,
00:03:12 --> 00:03:13 but at the same time,
00:03:13 --> 00:03:17 he wanted to rebel against his mother's wishes,
00:03:17 --> 00:03:19 and experience the pleasures of a big city.
00:03:20 --> 00:03:22 So we can see that his desires
00:03:22 --> 00:03:24 are pretty much like our desires.
00:03:26 --> 00:03:28 So what's the thing that made Augustine
00:03:28 --> 00:03:29 turn his life around?
00:03:30 --> 00:03:32 So we actually need to look at
00:03:32 --> 00:03:35 how Augustine views his own struggle against lust.
00:03:35 --> 00:03:39 So if you look at point two,
00:03:39 --> 00:03:41 on Augustine's struggle against sin,
00:03:42 --> 00:03:44 Augustine reflected his own conversion experience,
00:03:46 --> 00:03:47 and we can see it in a book called
00:03:47 --> 00:03:49 The Confessions of Augustine,
00:03:50 --> 00:03:51 which outlines his struggles.
00:03:52 --> 00:03:54 So the thing we have to realise is,
00:03:54 --> 00:03:55 in Roman times,
00:03:55 --> 00:03:56 it's actually not uncommon
00:03:56 --> 00:03:59 to get a concubine before you get married.
00:03:59 --> 00:04:03 So the thing that stirs Augustine
00:04:03 --> 00:04:04 to think about sin
00:04:04 --> 00:04:06 is not what is expected in society,
00:04:06 --> 00:04:07 because that's pretty much normal,
00:04:09 --> 00:04:10 or at least not unusual,
00:04:10 --> 00:04:11 but rather,
00:04:11 --> 00:04:13 it's actually his inward reflection
00:04:13 --> 00:04:15 of whether he can control his lust.
00:04:17 --> 00:04:18 So you can actually see
00:04:18 --> 00:04:21 how Augustine views his lust in The Confessions.
00:04:21 --> 00:04:25 He describes his sexual impulses as negative.
00:04:26 --> 00:04:29 So he reflects the image of disease,
00:04:29 --> 00:04:31 disorder, and corruption.
00:04:32 --> 00:04:33 So I'll just pick up a couple of quotes
00:04:33 --> 00:04:35 to see how he describes his lifestyle.
00:04:37 --> 00:04:39 For almost nine years followed,
00:04:39 --> 00:04:41 in which I wallowed in the mud
00:04:41 --> 00:04:43 of the deep and darkness of falsehood.
00:04:45 --> 00:04:46 In another place, he says,
00:04:47 --> 00:04:49 and what was it that delighted me
00:04:49 --> 00:04:51 except to love and be loved?
00:04:52 --> 00:04:54 But I did not hold on to the righted measure,
00:04:55 --> 00:04:56 so I did not distinguish
00:04:56 --> 00:04:58 the serenity of love
00:04:58 --> 00:04:59 from the mist of lust.
00:05:00 --> 00:05:03 Both boiled confusedly together,
00:05:03 --> 00:05:05 and created off my weak age
00:05:05 --> 00:05:07 through the steep paths of desires,
00:05:07 --> 00:05:10 and sank me into the whirlpool of crimes.
00:05:12 --> 00:05:13 In other places,
00:05:13 --> 00:05:15 Augustine describes his desire as
00:05:15 --> 00:05:17 chains, thorns,
00:05:18 --> 00:05:18 a seething cauldron,
00:05:19 --> 00:05:21 and an open thaw that must be scratched.
00:05:21 --> 00:05:26 Desire for Augustine is almost a compulsion,
00:05:27 --> 00:05:28 an irrational impulse
00:05:28 --> 00:05:31 that he feels incapable of controlling
00:05:31 --> 00:05:32 without God's help,
00:05:33 --> 00:05:36 a bondage that he is too weak to escape.
00:05:36 --> 00:05:40 So let's pause here for a moment,
00:05:40 --> 00:05:44 and I encourage us all to take an honest look at ourselves.
00:05:45 --> 00:05:48 So do we have a continuing pattern of sin,
00:05:49 --> 00:05:50 which can be likened to an addiction?
00:05:51 --> 00:05:53 It doesn't have to be loved,
00:05:53 --> 00:05:54 which is what Augustine struggled with.
00:05:55 --> 00:05:57 It can be an addiction to greed,
00:05:57 --> 00:05:58 or to power,
00:05:59 --> 00:06:00 or to pleasure,
00:06:00 --> 00:06:01 or something else.
00:06:03 --> 00:06:06 When we struggle against these sins,
00:06:07 --> 00:06:09 do you echo Augustine's sentiments
00:06:09 --> 00:06:12 that it's a bondage that we are too weak to escape from?
00:06:12 --> 00:06:17 For those that have struggled with sin,
00:06:18 --> 00:06:20 have you tried to stop that pattern?
00:06:21 --> 00:06:23 Have you heard of that advice?
00:06:23 --> 00:06:24 Snap out of it.
00:06:25 --> 00:06:28 Let me tell you of the danger of your particular sin.
00:06:30 --> 00:06:32 And let me tell you how you can help yourself in that situation.
00:06:32 --> 00:06:36 And I'm sure that that advice doesn't work.
00:06:38 --> 00:06:39 The reason why that advice doesn't work
00:06:39 --> 00:06:41 has to do with our human nature.
00:06:42 --> 00:06:44 And Augustine has plenty to say about that.
00:06:45 --> 00:06:46 So we're up to point three.
00:06:47 --> 00:06:50 So he faced a monk called Pelagius.
00:06:51 --> 00:06:55 And Pelagius was a rung that was going around the Roman Empire,
00:06:56 --> 00:06:59 teaching that the human race was not entirely sinful.
00:07:00 --> 00:07:01 According to Pelagius,
00:07:01 --> 00:07:05 there was a residue of uncorrupted goodness in every man.
00:07:06 --> 00:07:08 It was properly nurtured,
00:07:08 --> 00:07:11 could win the soul back to God.
00:07:12 --> 00:07:15 So that idea that Pelagius was teaching
00:07:15 --> 00:07:19 was also actually quite popular in the Chinese culture.
00:07:21 --> 00:07:24 In fact, in one of the most famous Chinese texts,
00:07:24 --> 00:07:26 it's called the Three-Character Classic,
00:07:26 --> 00:07:27 or San Zijing.
00:07:28 --> 00:07:31 Actually, the wiki entry is quite accurate.
00:07:31 --> 00:07:31 Accurate.
00:07:32 --> 00:07:33 This one is so famous,
00:07:34 --> 00:07:36 even the ABCs overseas know it.
00:07:36 --> 00:07:38 And these are one of the couple of poems that I know.
00:07:39 --> 00:07:41 But let's have a look at what it says.
00:07:42 --> 00:07:45 I'll say it in Chinese and explain what it means in English.
00:07:45 --> 00:07:47 So it says,
00:07:47 --> 00:07:54 So what does it mean?
00:07:54 --> 00:07:59 It means that he's saying that people are by nature good at birth.
00:08:01 --> 00:08:03 So all people, the nature is similar.
00:08:03 --> 00:08:07 But the habits make them different from each other.
00:08:07 --> 00:08:11 So it seems that Pelagius,
00:08:11 --> 00:08:14 and a popular traditional Chinese view,
00:08:14 --> 00:08:15 is quite alike.
00:08:16 --> 00:08:18 That people have some goodness in them,
00:08:19 --> 00:08:20 and if you teach them the right thing,
00:08:21 --> 00:08:24 people can find the good in themselves and change.
00:08:24 --> 00:08:28 So how does the Bible answer that question?
00:08:29 --> 00:08:31 Are people inherently good?
00:08:32 --> 00:08:35 So that all you need to do is teach them something,
00:08:35 --> 00:08:37 and draw the good in the sinner,
00:08:37 --> 00:08:38 and lead them to Christ.
00:08:38 --> 00:08:43 So let's see how Romans chapter 7
00:08:43 --> 00:08:45 answers the claims of Pelagius,
00:08:46 --> 00:08:47 and the claims about human nature.
00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 So a bit about the context of Romans
00:08:51 --> 00:08:53 is that Paul is the writer of the book,
00:08:54 --> 00:08:56 and the context of Romans is that
00:08:56 --> 00:08:59 he spans the first two and a half chapters or so,
00:09:00 --> 00:09:02 describing how everyone in the world is sinful.
00:09:03 --> 00:09:05 And the next two and a bit chapters
00:09:05 --> 00:09:09 are about how to have a right relationship with God
00:09:09 --> 00:09:11 by trusting in Jesus.
00:09:12 --> 00:09:13 So chapters 6 to 8,
00:09:13 --> 00:09:14 and we are smack bang in the middle,
00:09:15 --> 00:09:16 is about how we live
00:09:16 --> 00:09:18 in the state of being right with God.
00:09:20 --> 00:09:22 So this chapter is about Paul's struggle with sin.
00:09:24 --> 00:09:26 So firstly, does Paul think that
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 people are inherently good?
00:09:29 --> 00:09:30 So from the passage we read,
00:09:30 --> 00:09:32 this is what Paul says.
00:09:32 --> 00:09:34 In verse 8, it says,
00:09:35 --> 00:09:37 For I know that good itself
00:09:37 --> 00:09:39 does not dwell in me,
00:09:39 --> 00:09:41 that is, in my sinful nature,
00:09:42 --> 00:09:44 for I have the desire to do what is good,
00:09:44 --> 00:09:46 but I cannot carry it out.
00:09:48 --> 00:09:50 So we can see that Paul thinks
00:09:50 --> 00:09:52 that there is nothing good within himself
00:09:52 --> 00:09:54 that dwells in him.
00:09:55 --> 00:09:56 He gives the reason for that,
00:09:57 --> 00:09:59 and he gives an illustration of that
00:09:59 --> 00:10:00 because he has no ability
00:10:00 --> 00:10:03 to carry out what he knows is right.
00:10:03 --> 00:10:06 In verse 21, it says,
00:10:06 --> 00:10:08 So I find this law at work.
00:10:08 --> 00:10:10 Although I want to do good,
00:10:11 --> 00:10:12 evil is right there with me.
00:10:13 --> 00:10:15 For in my inner being,
00:10:15 --> 00:10:16 I delight in God's law.
00:10:17 --> 00:10:20 But I see another law at work in me,
00:10:20 --> 00:10:22 waging war against the law of my mind,
00:10:23 --> 00:10:26 making me a prisoner of the law of sin
00:10:26 --> 00:10:27 and work within me.
00:10:27 --> 00:10:30 So we have to modify
00:10:30 --> 00:10:33 that three-character classic
00:10:33 --> 00:10:34 according to the Bible.
00:10:35 --> 00:10:35 It will be
00:10:35 --> 00:10:39 So people are,
00:10:40 --> 00:10:41 by nature,
00:10:42 --> 00:10:42 evil,
00:10:43 --> 00:10:43 or fallen.
00:10:45 --> 00:10:46 So some of us,
00:10:46 --> 00:10:48 a lot of people don't know
00:10:48 --> 00:10:49 whether this passage in chapter 7
00:10:49 --> 00:10:52 is written to describe
00:10:52 --> 00:10:53 Paul's struggle with sin
00:10:53 --> 00:10:56 before or after he became a Christian.
00:10:56 --> 00:10:58 But from verse 22,
00:10:58 --> 00:10:59 as well as the structure
00:10:59 --> 00:11:01 of the book mentioned above,
00:11:02 --> 00:11:04 it's a pretty clear indication
00:11:04 --> 00:11:05 that he describes
00:11:05 --> 00:11:06 the struggle as a Christian.
00:11:07 --> 00:11:08 Since a non-Christian
00:11:08 --> 00:11:09 wouldn't by nature
00:11:09 --> 00:11:11 delight in God's law.
00:11:13 --> 00:11:15 But this should astound us even more.
00:11:16 --> 00:11:17 So the thing
00:11:17 --> 00:11:19 that helps us to overcome sin
00:11:19 --> 00:11:21 is not the label or the tag
00:11:21 --> 00:11:22 whether we are Christian
00:11:22 --> 00:11:23 or non-Christian.
00:11:23 --> 00:11:26 A Christian,
00:11:27 --> 00:11:29 if we rely on our own power,
00:11:30 --> 00:11:31 even if we are educated
00:11:31 --> 00:11:32 about God's law,
00:11:33 --> 00:11:34 we cannot obey the law.
00:11:36 --> 00:11:36 Our sinful nature
00:11:36 --> 00:11:38 would try to go right up
00:11:38 --> 00:11:39 to the limit of the law.
00:11:40 --> 00:11:41 So that's always the case.
00:11:43 --> 00:11:45 When you see the speed limit at 60,
00:11:46 --> 00:11:48 some of us will ask,
00:11:48 --> 00:11:50 is there a GST bonus
00:11:50 --> 00:11:52 when there's a police
00:11:52 --> 00:11:53 set up the speed camera?
00:11:55 --> 00:11:56 So our nature
00:11:56 --> 00:11:58 is always to push against
00:11:58 --> 00:11:59 the law and try to break it.
00:12:01 --> 00:12:03 So from this passage,
00:12:03 --> 00:12:04 we see the ability
00:12:04 --> 00:12:05 to obey the law
00:12:05 --> 00:12:07 is not whether you carry the label
00:12:07 --> 00:12:08 whether you're a Christian
00:12:08 --> 00:12:09 or non-Christian.
00:12:10 --> 00:12:12 It's about what's inside of us
00:12:12 --> 00:12:14 and who we rely on.
00:12:14 --> 00:12:16 Since there's nothing good
00:12:16 --> 00:12:17 inside us,
00:12:18 --> 00:12:20 we have no ability
00:12:20 --> 00:12:21 to obey
00:12:21 --> 00:12:22 by our own strength.
00:12:23 --> 00:12:25 And more education,
00:12:25 --> 00:12:26 whether it's moral education
00:12:26 --> 00:12:28 or otherwise,
00:12:28 --> 00:12:29 does not help
00:12:29 --> 00:12:31 because the problem
00:12:31 --> 00:12:32 is in our own
00:12:32 --> 00:12:33 inner nature.
00:12:34 --> 00:12:35 For the ability
00:12:35 --> 00:12:36 to obey the law
00:12:36 --> 00:12:37 and change
00:12:37 --> 00:12:39 is seen in Romans chapter 8.
00:12:41 --> 00:12:42 So if you read
00:12:42 --> 00:12:44 from the side of Romans,
00:12:44 --> 00:12:44 it says,
00:12:44 --> 00:12:46 Jesus frees us
00:12:46 --> 00:12:47 from the condemnation
00:12:47 --> 00:12:47 of the law
00:12:47 --> 00:12:49 because he has done
00:12:49 --> 00:12:50 what is needed
00:12:50 --> 00:12:51 to be done by the law
00:12:51 --> 00:12:53 by obeying it completely.
00:12:54 --> 00:12:55 I'll read a bit
00:12:55 --> 00:12:56 of Romans chapter 8
00:12:56 --> 00:12:57 verses 1 to 4.
00:12:59 --> 00:12:59 Therefore,
00:13:00 --> 00:13:01 there is no condemnation
00:13:01 --> 00:13:02 for those
00:13:02 --> 00:13:03 who are in Christ Jesus
00:13:03 --> 00:13:05 because though
00:13:05 --> 00:13:06 through Christ Jesus,
00:13:07 --> 00:13:08 the law of the Spirit
00:13:08 --> 00:13:09 who gives life
00:13:09 --> 00:13:10 has set you free
00:13:10 --> 00:13:11 from the law
00:13:11 --> 00:13:11 of sin and death.
00:13:11 --> 00:13:14 for what by the law
00:13:14 --> 00:13:15 was powerless
00:13:15 --> 00:13:15 to do
00:13:15 --> 00:13:16 because it was
00:13:16 --> 00:13:17 weakened by the flesh,
00:13:18 --> 00:13:18 God did
00:13:18 --> 00:13:19 by sending
00:13:19 --> 00:13:20 his own Son
00:13:20 --> 00:13:21 in the likeness
00:13:21 --> 00:13:22 of sinful flesh
00:13:22 --> 00:13:24 to be a sin offering.
00:13:26 --> 00:13:27 So this passage
00:13:27 --> 00:13:27 answers
00:13:27 --> 00:13:29 what Pelagius
00:13:29 --> 00:13:30 is actually teaching.
00:13:31 --> 00:13:32 Because Pelagius
00:13:32 --> 00:13:33 think that people
00:13:33 --> 00:13:34 are inherently good,
00:13:35 --> 00:13:36 one of the things
00:13:36 --> 00:13:36 that he taught
00:13:36 --> 00:13:37 was that
00:13:37 --> 00:13:38 when Jesus died,
00:13:39 --> 00:13:40 it wasn't
00:13:40 --> 00:13:41 for our sins
00:13:41 --> 00:13:42 as a sacrifice.
00:13:43 --> 00:13:45 It was an example
00:13:45 --> 00:13:45 of selflessness
00:13:45 --> 00:13:47 that we should imitate,
00:13:48 --> 00:13:48 that we have to
00:13:48 --> 00:13:49 draw our goodness
00:13:49 --> 00:13:50 to imitate
00:13:50 --> 00:13:51 that example.
00:13:53 --> 00:13:53 But what does
00:13:53 --> 00:13:54 the Bible say?
00:13:55 --> 00:13:56 We are sinful.
00:13:56 --> 00:13:57 So what do we need?
00:13:57 --> 00:13:58 We need someone
00:13:58 --> 00:13:59 to not just be
00:13:59 --> 00:14:00 an example
00:14:00 --> 00:14:01 to us.
00:14:01 --> 00:14:02 We need someone
00:14:02 --> 00:14:03 to be a sin offering,
00:14:04 --> 00:14:05 someone that pays
00:14:05 --> 00:14:06 for our sin.
00:14:07 --> 00:14:08 And in this way,
00:14:08 --> 00:14:09 Jesus frees us
00:14:09 --> 00:14:10 from our sin.
00:14:11 --> 00:14:12 What is more,
00:14:12 --> 00:14:13 we can see that
00:14:13 --> 00:14:14 from this passage,
00:14:15 --> 00:14:15 Jesus does not only
00:14:15 --> 00:14:16 save us,
00:14:17 --> 00:14:18 when Jesus saves us,
00:14:18 --> 00:14:19 he changes us.
00:14:20 --> 00:14:20 We see that
00:14:20 --> 00:14:21 in Romans 8,
00:14:21 --> 00:14:22 verse 5,
00:14:22 --> 00:14:23 that those
00:14:23 --> 00:14:24 who live
00:14:24 --> 00:14:25 according to
00:14:25 --> 00:14:25 the Spirit
00:14:25 --> 00:14:27 have their mind
00:14:27 --> 00:14:28 set on what
00:14:28 --> 00:14:29 the Spirit desires.
00:14:31 --> 00:14:32 What he's saying
00:14:32 --> 00:14:33 is that Jesus
00:14:33 --> 00:14:33 has the power
00:14:33 --> 00:14:34 to free us
00:14:34 --> 00:14:35 from being trapped
00:14:35 --> 00:14:36 by sin
00:14:36 --> 00:14:37 by giving us
00:14:37 --> 00:14:38 the Holy Spirit.
00:14:39 --> 00:14:40 And the Spirit
00:14:40 --> 00:14:40 helps us
00:14:40 --> 00:14:42 to change,
00:14:42 --> 00:14:43 to live for
00:14:43 --> 00:14:43 a different master
00:14:43 --> 00:14:44 if we rely
00:14:44 --> 00:14:44 on the Spirit.
00:14:46 --> 00:14:47 So can we see
00:14:47 --> 00:14:48 that the struggle
00:14:48 --> 00:14:48 with sin
00:14:48 --> 00:14:49 is not whether
00:14:49 --> 00:14:50 we have enough
00:14:50 --> 00:14:51 self-control,
00:14:52 --> 00:14:53 but whether we have
00:14:53 --> 00:14:54 been relying
00:14:54 --> 00:14:55 on God's Holy Spirit
00:14:55 --> 00:14:56 so that we have
00:14:56 --> 00:14:57 the ability
00:14:57 --> 00:14:58 to live for God,
00:14:59 --> 00:14:59 our new master.
00:15:01 --> 00:15:02 Of course,
00:15:02 --> 00:15:02 I don't mean
00:15:02 --> 00:15:03 that Christians
00:15:03 --> 00:15:05 can live perfectly
00:15:05 --> 00:15:06 sinless,
00:15:07 --> 00:15:08 because although
00:15:08 --> 00:15:09 we are free
00:15:09 --> 00:15:10 from the penalty
00:15:10 --> 00:15:11 and the power
00:15:11 --> 00:15:11 of sin,
00:15:12 --> 00:15:13 we presently
00:15:13 --> 00:15:14 experience the
00:15:14 --> 00:15:15 presence of sin.
00:15:17 --> 00:15:18 So,
00:15:18 --> 00:15:19 what is said
00:15:19 --> 00:15:19 in Romans 8
00:15:19 --> 00:15:21 somewhat reflects
00:15:21 --> 00:15:22 Augustine's experience.
00:15:24 --> 00:15:25 I will read
00:15:25 --> 00:15:26 a little bit
00:15:26 --> 00:15:27 of his biography
00:15:27 --> 00:15:29 to see how
00:15:29 --> 00:15:30 Augustine has been
00:15:30 --> 00:15:30 freed from the
00:15:30 --> 00:15:31 grip of sin.
00:15:31 --> 00:15:34 Having been
00:15:34 --> 00:15:35 exposed to
00:15:35 --> 00:15:35 various friends
00:15:35 --> 00:15:36 that challenged
00:15:36 --> 00:15:36 him on the
00:15:36 --> 00:15:37 gospel,
00:15:38 --> 00:15:38 Augustine was
00:15:38 --> 00:15:39 filled with a
00:15:39 --> 00:15:39 growing sense
00:15:39 --> 00:15:40 of personal
00:15:40 --> 00:15:41 inadequacy,
00:15:42 --> 00:15:43 realizing how
00:15:43 --> 00:15:44 empty his life
00:15:44 --> 00:15:45 so far has been,
00:15:46 --> 00:15:47 and fell into
00:15:47 --> 00:15:48 a state of
00:15:48 --> 00:15:48 despair.
00:15:49 --> 00:15:50 He was torn
00:15:50 --> 00:15:51 between the
00:15:51 --> 00:15:52 monastic ideal
00:15:52 --> 00:15:53 on the one
00:15:53 --> 00:15:53 hand,
00:15:54 --> 00:15:54 and the pleasures
00:15:54 --> 00:15:55 of this world
00:15:55 --> 00:15:56 on the other.
00:15:57 --> 00:15:58 Wanting to
00:15:58 --> 00:15:58 embrace the
00:15:58 --> 00:15:59 gospel,
00:15:59 --> 00:16:00 but finding it
00:16:00 --> 00:16:01 too hard to
00:16:01 --> 00:16:02 abandon his
00:16:02 --> 00:16:03 lifestyle.
00:16:05 --> 00:16:06 It was then
00:16:06 --> 00:16:07 when he was
00:16:07 --> 00:16:07 in this condition
00:16:07 --> 00:16:08 that he heard
00:16:08 --> 00:16:09 the child's voice
00:16:09 --> 00:16:09 saying,
00:16:10 --> 00:16:11 take up and
00:16:11 --> 00:16:11 read.
00:16:13 --> 00:16:13 So much
00:16:13 --> 00:16:14 confused,
00:16:14 --> 00:16:15 he reached for
00:16:15 --> 00:16:16 a portion of
00:16:16 --> 00:16:16 the scriptures
00:16:16 --> 00:16:17 that he had
00:16:17 --> 00:16:18 in hand
00:16:18 --> 00:16:19 and read.
00:16:19 --> 00:16:21 let us walk
00:16:21 --> 00:16:22 properly as
00:16:22 --> 00:16:23 in the daytime,
00:16:23 --> 00:16:24 not in
00:16:24 --> 00:16:25 orgies or
00:16:25 --> 00:16:25 drunkenness,
00:16:26 --> 00:16:26 not in
00:16:26 --> 00:16:27 sexual immorality
00:16:27 --> 00:16:28 and sensuality,
00:16:29 --> 00:16:30 not in
00:16:30 --> 00:16:31 quarreling and
00:16:31 --> 00:16:31 jealousy,
00:16:32 --> 00:16:33 but put on
00:16:33 --> 00:16:34 Lord Jesus
00:16:34 --> 00:16:35 and make no
00:16:35 --> 00:16:36 provision for
00:16:36 --> 00:16:37 the flesh to
00:16:37 --> 00:16:38 gratify his
00:16:38 --> 00:16:39 desire.
00:16:41 --> 00:16:41 When he read
00:16:41 --> 00:16:42 these verses,
00:16:42 --> 00:16:43 all his pent-up
00:16:43 --> 00:16:44 emotions broke
00:16:44 --> 00:16:44 down,
00:16:45 --> 00:16:46 and he
00:16:46 --> 00:16:47 surrendered his
00:16:47 --> 00:16:47 life to
00:16:47 --> 00:16:47 Christ.
00:16:49 --> 00:16:50 Can you see
00:16:50 --> 00:16:51 that when he
00:16:51 --> 00:16:52 read the Bible
00:16:52 --> 00:16:53 and saw what
00:16:53 --> 00:16:54 Jesus is
00:16:54 --> 00:16:55 compared to
00:16:55 --> 00:16:55 his life,
00:16:56 --> 00:16:57 and he relies
00:16:57 --> 00:16:57 on Jesus
00:16:57 --> 00:16:58 through the
00:16:58 --> 00:16:58 Holy Spirit
00:16:58 --> 00:17:00 to be freed,
00:17:00 --> 00:17:01 that he
00:17:01 --> 00:17:02 finds so much
00:17:02 --> 00:17:02 joy.
00:17:03 --> 00:17:04 He wanted to
00:17:04 --> 00:17:05 live freely
00:17:05 --> 00:17:06 in the daytime,
00:17:07 --> 00:17:08 and it's only
00:17:08 --> 00:17:09 Jesus through
00:17:09 --> 00:17:09 the Spirit
00:17:09 --> 00:17:10 has given him
00:17:10 --> 00:17:10 the power
00:17:10 --> 00:17:12 to be free
00:17:12 --> 00:17:12 from his
00:17:12 --> 00:17:13 lustful
00:17:13 --> 00:17:13 desires.
00:17:13 --> 00:17:16 So I
00:17:16 --> 00:17:16 want you to
00:17:16 --> 00:17:17 help us to
00:17:17 --> 00:17:18 see what
00:17:18 --> 00:17:19 this joy
00:17:19 --> 00:17:19 that Augustine
00:17:19 --> 00:17:21 experienced and
00:17:21 --> 00:17:21 what is preached
00:17:21 --> 00:17:22 through the
00:17:22 --> 00:17:23 Bible means
00:17:23 --> 00:17:24 for us
00:17:24 --> 00:17:25 individually and
00:17:25 --> 00:17:25 as a church.
00:17:27 --> 00:17:28 So firstly,
00:17:28 --> 00:17:29 I want to ask
00:17:29 --> 00:17:29 a question for
00:17:29 --> 00:17:30 ourselves.
00:17:31 --> 00:17:32 Are there
00:17:32 --> 00:17:33 anyone amongst
00:17:33 --> 00:17:34 us that feels
00:17:34 --> 00:17:35 just like
00:17:35 --> 00:17:35 Augustine did,
00:17:36 --> 00:17:37 that we have
00:17:37 --> 00:17:38 a sin or
00:17:38 --> 00:17:39 an addiction
00:17:39 --> 00:17:40 that we can't
00:17:40 --> 00:17:40 shake off?
00:17:40 --> 00:17:43 As we can
00:17:43 --> 00:17:44 see in Romans,
00:17:44 --> 00:17:45 the answer is
00:17:45 --> 00:17:45 not to try
00:17:45 --> 00:17:46 harder to
00:17:46 --> 00:17:47 have self-control
00:17:47 --> 00:17:47 or to obey
00:17:47 --> 00:17:49 a law or
00:17:49 --> 00:17:49 to fix
00:17:49 --> 00:17:50 ourselves in
00:17:50 --> 00:17:50 some other
00:17:50 --> 00:17:51 method.
00:17:52 --> 00:17:53 Instead,
00:17:53 --> 00:17:53 the only way
00:17:53 --> 00:17:54 that we can
00:17:54 --> 00:17:55 be rescued
00:17:55 --> 00:17:55 in this
00:17:55 --> 00:17:57 state is
00:17:57 --> 00:17:57 to turn to
00:17:57 --> 00:17:57 Jesus.
00:17:59 --> 00:18:00 Because Jesus
00:18:00 --> 00:18:01 has saved us
00:18:01 --> 00:18:02 from condemnation
00:18:02 --> 00:18:04 and the Holy
00:18:04 --> 00:18:04 Spirit helped
00:18:04 --> 00:18:05 us to change.
00:18:09 --> 00:18:09 Trusting in
00:18:09 --> 00:18:10 Jesus and
00:18:10 --> 00:18:11 relying on
00:18:11 --> 00:18:11 the Holy
00:18:11 --> 00:18:11 Spirit's
00:18:11 --> 00:18:12 power means
00:18:12 --> 00:18:12 that God
00:18:12 --> 00:18:13 has the
00:18:13 --> 00:18:13 power both
00:18:13 --> 00:18:14 to save
00:18:14 --> 00:18:15 us and
00:18:15 --> 00:18:15 to change
00:18:15 --> 00:18:16 us.
00:18:17 --> 00:18:18 So Jesus
00:18:18 --> 00:18:18 has the
00:18:18 --> 00:18:20 power to
00:18:20 --> 00:18:20 set a new
00:18:20 --> 00:18:21 path for
00:18:21 --> 00:18:21 us.
00:18:22 --> 00:18:23 So if you
00:18:23 --> 00:18:24 are interested
00:18:24 --> 00:18:25 or convinced
00:18:25 --> 00:18:25 just like
00:18:25 --> 00:18:26 Augustine did
00:18:26 --> 00:18:27 1700 years
00:18:27 --> 00:18:29 ago, that
00:18:29 --> 00:18:29 only Jesus
00:18:29 --> 00:18:30 can change
00:18:30 --> 00:18:30 your life,
00:18:31 --> 00:18:31 or you're
00:18:31 --> 00:18:32 curious about
00:18:32 --> 00:18:33 how this
00:18:33 --> 00:18:34 path is
00:18:34 --> 00:18:34 like,
00:18:35 --> 00:18:35 please fill
00:18:35 --> 00:18:36 in the
00:18:36 --> 00:18:36 card in
00:18:36 --> 00:18:36 front of
00:18:36 --> 00:18:37 you and
00:18:37 --> 00:18:38 tell us.
00:18:38 --> 00:18:40 James, who
00:18:40 --> 00:18:40 was trading
00:18:40 --> 00:18:41 the service
00:18:41 --> 00:18:41 or myself,
00:18:41 --> 00:18:42 will be
00:18:42 --> 00:18:42 happy to
00:18:42 --> 00:18:42 talk to
00:18:42 --> 00:18:42 you after
00:18:42 --> 00:18:43 the
00:18:43 --> 00:18:43 service.
00:18:44 --> 00:18:44 And if
00:18:44 --> 00:18:44 you fill
00:18:44 --> 00:18:45 in the
00:18:45 --> 00:18:46 card, we'll
00:18:46 --> 00:18:46 respond to
00:18:46 --> 00:18:46 you.
00:18:47 --> 00:18:47 So please
00:18:47 --> 00:18:47 take this
00:18:47 --> 00:18:48 opportunity.
00:18:50 --> 00:18:51 Secondly, I
00:18:51 --> 00:18:52 want to talk
00:18:52 --> 00:18:53 about how
00:18:53 --> 00:18:54 we invite
00:18:54 --> 00:18:54 people to
00:18:54 --> 00:18:57 church or
00:18:57 --> 00:18:57 share the
00:18:57 --> 00:18:58 gospel.
00:18:59 --> 00:18:59 So I
00:18:59 --> 00:19:00 want to pose
00:19:00 --> 00:19:00 this question.
00:19:01 --> 00:19:02 Are we
00:19:02 --> 00:19:03 functionally
00:19:03 --> 00:19:03 Pelagian?
00:19:04 --> 00:19:05 So I
00:19:05 --> 00:19:05 explain what
00:19:05 --> 00:19:06 I mean.
00:19:08 --> 00:19:09 When we
00:19:09 --> 00:19:09 try to
00:19:09 --> 00:19:10 think of
00:19:10 --> 00:19:10 people to
00:19:10 --> 00:19:10 share the
00:19:10 --> 00:19:11 gospel or
00:19:11 --> 00:19:12 who to
00:19:12 --> 00:19:12 invite to
00:19:12 --> 00:19:13 church, we
00:19:13 --> 00:19:13 might think,
00:19:14 --> 00:19:15 this guy, he's
00:19:15 --> 00:19:16 beyond help.
00:19:17 --> 00:19:17 He's so
00:19:17 --> 00:19:18 different from
00:19:18 --> 00:19:18 me.
00:19:19 --> 00:19:19 I don't
00:19:19 --> 00:19:20 know what he's
00:19:20 --> 00:19:20 been doing
00:19:20 --> 00:19:21 last night.
00:19:21 --> 00:19:22 He'll be too
00:19:22 --> 00:19:22 sleepy, too
00:19:22 --> 00:19:23 drunk.
00:19:23 --> 00:19:24 He won't be
00:19:24 --> 00:19:25 interested in
00:19:25 --> 00:19:25 church.
00:19:25 --> 00:19:26 I'm not going
00:19:26 --> 00:19:26 to invite him.
00:19:27 --> 00:19:28 I'll invite
00:19:28 --> 00:19:28 this more
00:19:28 --> 00:19:29 moral neighbor.
00:19:29 --> 00:19:30 He's more
00:19:30 --> 00:19:30 like me.
00:19:31 --> 00:19:32 Maybe it's
00:19:32 --> 00:19:32 just easier
00:19:32 --> 00:19:33 for God to
00:19:33 --> 00:19:35 convict and
00:19:35 --> 00:19:35 convince us
00:19:35 --> 00:19:36 person of
00:19:36 --> 00:19:36 the gospel.
00:19:38 --> 00:19:39 Do we
00:19:39 --> 00:19:39 sometimes do
00:19:39 --> 00:19:39 that?
00:19:41 --> 00:19:41 Of course,
00:19:42 --> 00:19:42 there might
00:19:42 --> 00:19:42 be other
00:19:42 --> 00:19:43 reasons why
00:19:43 --> 00:19:44 we don't
00:19:44 --> 00:19:44 invite people
00:19:44 --> 00:19:44 that are
00:19:44 --> 00:19:45 not like
00:19:45 --> 00:19:45 us.
00:19:46 --> 00:19:46 Perhaps we
00:19:46 --> 00:19:47 are scared
00:19:47 --> 00:19:47 to talk
00:19:47 --> 00:19:47 to them.
00:19:49 --> 00:19:49 Perhaps we
00:19:49 --> 00:19:50 are feeling
00:19:50 --> 00:19:51 uncomfortable
00:19:51 --> 00:19:52 or judgmental.
00:19:53 --> 00:19:54 But when we
00:19:54 --> 00:19:54 understand the
00:19:54 --> 00:19:55 full power of
00:19:55 --> 00:19:56 the gospel in
00:19:56 --> 00:19:57 saving and
00:19:57 --> 00:19:58 changing people,
00:19:58 --> 00:19:59 we have the
00:19:59 --> 00:20:00 confidence to
00:20:00 --> 00:20:00 invite anyone
00:20:00 --> 00:20:01 to church.
00:20:03 --> 00:20:04 So I
00:20:04 --> 00:20:04 want to ask
00:20:04 --> 00:20:05 you, if
00:20:05 --> 00:20:05 you really
00:20:05 --> 00:20:06 believe the
00:20:06 --> 00:20:06 gospel has
00:20:06 --> 00:20:07 the power
00:20:07 --> 00:20:08 to save
00:20:08 --> 00:20:08 and to
00:20:08 --> 00:20:09 change,
00:20:10 --> 00:20:11 how does
00:20:11 --> 00:20:11 it affect
00:20:11 --> 00:20:12 who you
00:20:12 --> 00:20:13 invite to
00:20:13 --> 00:20:13 church?
00:20:14 --> 00:20:14 In the
00:20:14 --> 00:20:15 bookmark that
00:20:15 --> 00:20:15 James is
00:20:15 --> 00:20:16 saying, how
00:20:16 --> 00:20:16 does it
00:20:16 --> 00:20:17 affect the
00:20:17 --> 00:20:17 person you
00:20:17 --> 00:20:18 put on the
00:20:18 --> 00:20:18 bookmark that
00:20:18 --> 00:20:19 you want to
00:20:19 --> 00:20:19 pray for?
00:20:22 --> 00:20:22 So thirdly, I
00:20:22 --> 00:20:23 want to paint a
00:20:23 --> 00:20:25 picture of
00:20:25 --> 00:20:25 church.
00:20:26 --> 00:20:26 What would it
00:20:26 --> 00:20:27 look like if
00:20:27 --> 00:20:27 we really
00:20:27 --> 00:20:28 believe in the
00:20:28 --> 00:20:29 power of the
00:20:29 --> 00:20:30 gospel to save
00:20:30 --> 00:20:30 and to change
00:20:30 --> 00:20:31 us?
00:20:31 --> 00:20:32 So I
00:20:32 --> 00:20:33 want to tell
00:20:33 --> 00:20:34 you about
00:20:34 --> 00:20:34 the church
00:20:34 --> 00:20:35 I visited
00:20:35 --> 00:20:36 in Dallas.
00:20:37 --> 00:20:37 So I
00:20:37 --> 00:20:38 went one
00:20:38 --> 00:20:39 day earlier
00:20:39 --> 00:20:39 than the
00:20:39 --> 00:20:39 rest of the
00:20:39 --> 00:20:41 team to
00:20:41 --> 00:20:41 visit my
00:20:41 --> 00:20:42 friend Calvin
00:20:42 --> 00:20:44 and one of the
00:20:44 --> 00:20:45 things he did
00:20:45 --> 00:20:45 was he brought
00:20:45 --> 00:20:46 me to a
00:20:46 --> 00:20:47 church called
00:20:47 --> 00:20:48 the Watermark
00:20:48 --> 00:20:48 Church in
00:20:48 --> 00:20:49 Fort Worth
00:20:49 --> 00:20:50 on a Monday
00:20:50 --> 00:20:51 night because
00:20:51 --> 00:20:52 I missed the
00:20:52 --> 00:20:52 plane on Sunday
00:20:52 --> 00:20:54 so not due to
00:20:54 --> 00:20:54 me, due to
00:20:54 --> 00:20:55 Quantis.
00:20:55 --> 00:20:57 But there
00:20:57 --> 00:20:57 were 500
00:20:57 --> 00:20:58 people gathering
00:20:58 --> 00:20:59 in that
00:20:59 --> 00:20:59 auditorium.
00:21:00 --> 00:21:01 But on a
00:21:01 --> 00:21:01 Monday night,
00:21:02 --> 00:21:03 it wasn't a
00:21:03 --> 00:21:03 church service.
00:21:05 --> 00:21:05 There's a
00:21:05 --> 00:21:06 ministry called
00:21:06 --> 00:21:06 Regenerate.
00:21:08 --> 00:21:08 So this
00:21:08 --> 00:21:09 ministry models
00:21:09 --> 00:21:10 itself after
00:21:10 --> 00:21:11 Alcoholic
00:21:11 --> 00:21:13 Anonymous'
00:21:14 --> 00:21:14 12-step
00:21:14 --> 00:21:15 program.
00:21:16 --> 00:21:17 But instead
00:21:17 --> 00:21:18 of using the
00:21:18 --> 00:21:18 traditional
00:21:18 --> 00:21:19 addiction program,
00:21:20 --> 00:21:21 they replaced
00:21:21 --> 00:21:22 each element
00:21:22 --> 00:21:22 in the
00:21:22 --> 00:21:22 element of
00:21:22 --> 00:21:23 the gospel.
00:21:23 --> 00:21:25 In fact,
00:21:25 --> 00:21:25 the first
00:21:25 --> 00:21:26 step of the
00:21:26 --> 00:21:26 program quotes
00:21:26 --> 00:21:28 Romans 7-18.
00:21:29 --> 00:21:30 And it states
00:21:30 --> 00:21:31 that we have
00:21:31 --> 00:21:31 to admit that
00:21:31 --> 00:21:32 we are powerless
00:21:32 --> 00:21:34 to overcome
00:21:34 --> 00:21:35 our addiction,
00:21:36 --> 00:21:37 brokenness,
00:21:37 --> 00:21:37 and sinful
00:21:37 --> 00:21:38 patterns.
00:21:39 --> 00:21:39 That in our
00:21:39 --> 00:21:40 own power,
00:21:40 --> 00:21:41 our lives are
00:21:41 --> 00:21:42 unmanageable
00:21:42 --> 00:21:44 and unimaginable.
00:21:45 --> 00:21:45 So they
00:21:45 --> 00:21:46 advertised this
00:21:46 --> 00:21:47 ministry openly,
00:21:47 --> 00:21:48 not just for
00:21:48 --> 00:21:49 Christians, for
00:21:49 --> 00:21:49 non-Christians as
00:21:49 --> 00:21:50 well.
00:21:51 --> 00:21:51 And people
00:21:51 --> 00:21:52 throughout Dallas
00:21:52 --> 00:21:53 and Fort Worth
00:21:53 --> 00:21:54 come to this
00:21:54 --> 00:21:54 place.
00:21:55 --> 00:21:56 So they
00:21:56 --> 00:21:56 break people
00:21:56 --> 00:21:57 up into
00:21:57 --> 00:21:57 small groups.
00:21:58 --> 00:21:58 And it was
00:21:58 --> 00:21:59 in a group
00:21:59 --> 00:21:59 of about
00:21:59 --> 00:22:00 20 men.
00:22:02 --> 00:22:02 And they
00:22:02 --> 00:22:03 share all
00:22:03 --> 00:22:03 types of
00:22:03 --> 00:22:04 problems.
00:22:05 --> 00:22:05 Domestic
00:22:05 --> 00:22:06 violence,
00:22:07 --> 00:22:07 marital
00:22:07 --> 00:22:08 unfaithfulness,
00:22:08 --> 00:22:09 and many
00:22:09 --> 00:22:10 other patterns
00:22:10 --> 00:22:11 of sin and
00:22:11 --> 00:22:11 addictions.
00:22:12 --> 00:22:13 And the
00:22:13 --> 00:22:14 church was
00:22:14 --> 00:22:15 open and
00:22:15 --> 00:22:15 ready to
00:22:15 --> 00:22:15 minister to
00:22:15 --> 00:22:16 these people.
00:22:16 --> 00:22:16 people.
00:22:18 --> 00:22:19 So if
00:22:19 --> 00:22:20 everyone here
00:22:20 --> 00:22:21 at church
00:22:21 --> 00:22:22 believes in
00:22:22 --> 00:22:22 the power of
00:22:22 --> 00:22:23 the gospel
00:22:23 --> 00:22:24 of Jesus
00:22:24 --> 00:22:24 and the
00:22:24 --> 00:22:25 Holy Spirit,
00:22:26 --> 00:22:26 that he
00:22:26 --> 00:22:27 has the
00:22:27 --> 00:22:28 power to
00:22:28 --> 00:22:29 save and
00:22:29 --> 00:22:29 change us,
00:22:30 --> 00:22:30 what would
00:22:30 --> 00:22:31 our church
00:22:31 --> 00:22:32 look like?
00:22:33 --> 00:22:34 In order to
00:22:34 --> 00:22:35 represent a
00:22:35 --> 00:22:36 diverse community
00:22:36 --> 00:22:37 of Chastwood,
00:22:38 --> 00:22:39 it can't be
00:22:39 --> 00:22:39 just about
00:22:39 --> 00:22:40 ethnic diversity.
00:22:41 --> 00:22:42 It needs to
00:22:42 --> 00:22:42 be a diversity
00:22:42 --> 00:22:43 of social
00:22:43 --> 00:22:44 economic
00:22:44 --> 00:22:44 background.
00:22:44 --> 00:22:46 And church
00:22:46 --> 00:22:46 is not just
00:22:46 --> 00:22:47 for the
00:22:47 --> 00:22:47 moral
00:22:47 --> 00:22:48 middle-class
00:22:48 --> 00:22:48 person.
00:22:50 --> 00:22:51 If we
00:22:51 --> 00:22:52 can, by
00:22:52 --> 00:22:52 a church,
00:22:53 --> 00:22:54 be a church
00:22:54 --> 00:22:54 that welcomes
00:22:54 --> 00:22:56 people of
00:22:56 --> 00:22:57 every background,
00:22:58 --> 00:22:59 every type of
00:22:59 --> 00:22:59 sin and
00:22:59 --> 00:22:59 addiction,
00:23:00 --> 00:23:00 and share
00:23:00 --> 00:23:01 Jesus with
00:23:01 --> 00:23:01 them,
00:23:03 --> 00:23:04 we can
00:23:04 --> 00:23:05 let Jesus
00:23:05 --> 00:23:06 change them.
00:23:07 --> 00:23:07 And we
00:23:07 --> 00:23:07 can truly
00:23:07 --> 00:23:08 echo the
00:23:08 --> 00:23:09 vision that
00:23:09 --> 00:23:10 treasuring
00:23:10 --> 00:23:11 Jesus is for
00:23:11 --> 00:23:12 the joys of
00:23:12 --> 00:23:13 all people.
00:23:14 --> 00:23:17 a
00:23:18 --> 00:23:32 sh